The inter and intra relationships between symbiosis  and antibiosis known as microbial interactions  In microbial Interactions two species will interact in which each species derives a benefit. These reactions may occur intermittent, permanent or cyclic. Microbial interactions are diverse ubiquitous and very important in the function of any biological community. Pathogenesis is the disease causing agents like virus, bacteria, and fungi.

Cellular microbiology is a field that deals with the pathogenic microbes and attempts to use them as tools for cell-biology research, and to employ cell-biology methods to understand the pathogenicity of microbes. It is the combination of cell biology and molecular biology. It deals with cell cycle, metabolism, signal transduction, anatomy and physiology. It also deals with the transfiguring microbes to antibiotic agent. Generation microbiology deals with the study of microorganisms that have the same character as their parents.

Food microbiology is the study of microorganisms that inhabit, create or spoil food. There are several microbes that plays a vital role in the production of various food products including beer, wines, breads, cheese, yogurt and other fermented foods. They also play a vital role in food safety, authenticity and testing. Industrial microbiology is a branch of biotechnology that integrates the science of microbes and industries. They are used to produce products in huge amounts. They use several techniques like gene amplification, mutations etc. These techniques are used in agriculture, food industry, chemical industry etc.

Veterinary microbiology deals with the study of diseases caused on vertebrates domesticated animals that provide us food, other useful products and companionship. The animals should be vaccinated regularly. The wild animals with microbial disease in the living locality should be considered as it may affect the human beings and other animals. It deals with the spread of disease from animals to humans and spread among animals. It also deals with the treatment and other preventive measures.

Microbial forensics has been defined as “a scientific discipline dedicated to analyzing evidence from a bioterrorism act, bio crime, or inadvertent microorganism/toxin release for attribution purposes”. This emerging discipline is still in the early stages of development and faces substantial scientific challenges to provide a robust suite of technologies for identifying the source of a biological threat agent and attributing a biothreat act to a particular person or group.

Pharmaceutical Microbiology is an applied branch of Microbiology. It involves the study of microorganisms associated with the manufacture of pharmaceuticals. Other aspects of pharmaceutical microbiology include the research and development of anti-infective agents, the use of microorganisms to detect mutagenic and carcinogenic activity in prospective drugs, and the use of microorganisms in the manufacture of pharmaceutical products like insulin and human growth hormone.

Oral microbiology is the study of the microorganisms of the oral cavity and their interactions between oral microorganisms or with the host. The environment present in the human mouth allows the growth of characteristic microorganisms found there. It provides a source of water and nutrients, as well as a moderate temperature. Resident microbes of the mouth adhere to the teeth and gums to resist mechanical flushing from the mouth to stomach where acid-sensitive microbes are destroyed by hydrochloric acid.

The collection of microbes living in and on our body - have a significant impact on human health and well-being. They have been associated with numerous diseases, yet we have barely understood their role in the context of life-style and genetics. Various initiatives are underway around the world to survey the human micro biota at several body sites, characterise them, understand their interactions with the human hosts, elucidate their role in diseases, and design possible therapeutic or dietary interventions.

Cellular and Molecular immunology deals with activities of cells in experimental or clinical situations. It is the interactions among cells and molecules of the immune system that contribute to the recognition and elimination of pathogens. The response to pathogens is composed by the complex interactions and activities of the large number of diverse cell types involved in the immune response.

A vaccine is a product that produces immunity to a particular kind of disease and it can be administered orally or by aerosols. Vaccination is the process of applying vaccines that contains killed or weakened organisms that produces immunity in the body against that organism. Vaccines cause immunization so that our body can fight against the disease Vaccines can be of two kinds: therapeutic and prophylactic. They cover both infectious disease targets as well as non-infectious disease targets.

Biofuel is energy source made of living things, or the waste that living things turn out. Supporters of biofuels argue that their use might considerably cut back greenhouse emissions; whereas burning the fuels produces CO2, growing the plants or biomass removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.

Prebiotics and probiotics may be useful in achieving positive effects which include the enhanced immune function, improved colonic integrity, decreased incidence and duration of intestinal infections, down-regulated allergic response, improved digestion and elimination. Probiotics and prebiotics share a unique role in human nutrition, largely centering on manipulation of populations or activities of the bacteria that colonize our bodies. There is a need to consolidate the basic and applied research on probiotics and prebiotics into useful tools for food and nutrition, for example LAB are gram-positive non-pathogenic bacteria that are widely distributed in the nature have long been used in food processing the LcS is widely used in the production of probiotic dairy products and is also used as a food ingredient. The probiotic bacteria have the potential to augment or modify the host immune function through the regulation of host immune cells.

Microbes inhabit virtually all sites of the human body, yet we know very little about the role they play in our health. In recent years, there has been increasing interest in studying human-associated microbial communities, particularly since microbial disposes have now been implicated in a number of human diseases. Recent advances in sequencing technologies have made it feasible to perform large-scale studies of microbial communities, providing the tools. Rapidly developing sequencing methods and analytical techniques, the human micro biome on different spatial and temporal scales, including daily time series datasets spanning months. Furthermore, emerging concepts related to defining operational taxonomic units, diversity indices, core versus transient micro biomes, are enhancing our ability to understand the human micro biome.